Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	23
Number of observations	2938
Missing cells	2563
Missing cells (%)	3.8%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	528.0 KiB
Average record size in memory	184.0 B

Variable types

NUM	20
CAT	3

Warnings

`Country` has a high cardinality: 193 distinct values	High cardinality
`under-five_deaths` is highly correlated with `infant_deaths`	High correlation
`infant_deaths` is highly correlated with `under-five_deaths`	High correlation
`thinness_5-9_years` is highly correlated with `thinness_1-19_years`	High correlation
`thinness_1-19_years` is highly correlated with `thinness_5-9_years`	High correlation
`Alcohol` has 194 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Hepatitis_B` has 553 (18.8%) missing values	Missing
`BMI` has 34 (1.2%) missing values	Missing
`Total_expenditure` has 226 (7.7%) missing values	Missing
`GDP` has 448 (15.2%) missing values	Missing
`Population` has 652 (22.2%) missing values	Missing
`thinness_1-19_years` has 34 (1.2%) missing values	Missing
`thinness_5-9_years` has 34 (1.2%) missing values	Missing
`Income_composition_of_resources` has 167 (5.7%) missing values	Missing
`Schooling` has 163 (5.5%) missing values	Missing
`infant_deaths` has 848 (28.9%) zeros	Zeros
`percentage_expenditure` has 611 (20.8%) zeros	Zeros
`Measles` has 983 (33.5%) zeros	Zeros
`under-five_deaths` has 785 (26.7%) zeros	Zeros
`Income_composition_of_resources` has 130 (4.4%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-11-01 06:45:16.237947
Analysis finished	2020-11-01 06:48:44.022808
Duration	3 minutes and 27.78 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

Country
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	193
Distinct (%)	6.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Jordan	16
Myanmar	16
Dominican Republic	16
Republic of Korea	16
Egypt	16
Other values (188)	2858

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Jordan	16	0.5%
Myanmar	16	0.5%
Dominican Republic	16	0.5%
Republic of Korea	16	0.5%
Egypt	16	0.5%
Slovenia	16	0.5%
Mozambique	16	0.5%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	16	0.5%
Georgia	16	0.5%
Bahrain	16	0.5%
Other values (183)	2778	94.6%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	10 ?
Unique (%)	0.3%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	52
Median length	7
Mean length	10.0357386
Min length	4

Year
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	16
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2007.51872
Minimum	2000
Maximum	2015
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2000
5-th percentile	2000
Q1	2004
median	2008
Q3	2012
95-th percentile	2015
Maximum	2015
Range	15
Interquartile range (IQR)	8

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.61384094
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.002298280406
Kurtosis	-1.213721712
Mean	2007.51872
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	-0.006409027359
Sum	5898090
Variance	21.28752822
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=16)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2013	193	6.6%
2015	183	6.2%
2011	183	6.2%
2009	183	6.2%
2007	183	6.2%
2005	183	6.2%
2003	183	6.2%
2001	183	6.2%
2014	183	6.2%
2012	183	6.2%
Other values (6)	1098	37.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2000	183	6.2%
2001	183	6.2%
2002	183	6.2%
2003	183	6.2%
2004	183	6.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2015	183	6.2%
2014	183	6.2%
2013	193	6.6%
2012	183	6.2%
2011	183	6.2%

Status
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Developing	2426
Developed	512

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Developing	2426	82.6%
Developed	512	17.4%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	10
Median length	10
Mean length	9.82573179
Min length	9

Life_expectancy
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	362
Distinct (%)	12.4%
Missing	10
Missing (%)	0.3%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	69.22493169
Minimum	36.3
Maximum	89
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	36.3
5-th percentile	51.4
Q1	63.1
median	72.1
Q3	75.7
95-th percentile	82
Maximum	89
Range	52.7
Interquartile range (IQR)	12.6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	9.523867488
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1375785754
Kurtosis	-0.2344773942
Mean	69.22493169
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5.8
Skewness	-0.6386047359
Sum	202690.6
Variance	90.70405193
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
73	45	1.5%
75	33	1.1%
78	31	1.1%
73.6	28	1.0%
73.9	25	0.9%
81	25	0.9%
76	25	0.9%
74.7	24	0.8%
74.5	24	0.8%
74.1	23	0.8%
Other values (352)	2645	90.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
36.3	1	< 0.1%
39	1	< 0.1%
41	1	< 0.1%
41.5	1	< 0.1%
42.3	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
89	11	0.4%
88	10	0.3%
87	9	0.3%
86	15	0.5%
85	12	0.4%

Adult_Mortality
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	425
Distinct (%)	14.5%
Missing	10
Missing (%)	0.3%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	164.7964481
Minimum	1
Maximum	723
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	13
Q1	74
median	144
Q3	228
95-th percentile	398.3
Maximum	723
Range	722
Interquartile range (IQR)	154

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	124.292079
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.754215764
Kurtosis	1.748860208
Mean	164.7964481
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	76
Skewness	1.174369488
Sum	482524
Variance	15448.5209
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12	34	1.2%
14	30	1.0%
16	29	1.0%
11	25	0.9%
138	25	0.9%
19	23	0.8%
144	22	0.7%
17	21	0.7%
15	21	0.7%
13	21	0.7%
Other values (415)	2677	91.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	12	0.4%
2	8	0.3%
3	6	0.2%
4	4	0.1%
5	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
723	1	< 0.1%
717	1	< 0.1%
715	1	< 0.1%
699	1	< 0.1%
693	1	< 0.1%

infant_deaths
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	209
Distinct (%)	7.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	30.30394826
Minimum	0
Maximum	1800
Zeros	848
Zeros (%)	28.9%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	3
Q3	22
95-th percentile	94.15
Maximum	1800
Range	1800
Interquartile range (IQR)	22

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	117.9265013
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.891456661
Kurtosis	116.0427561
Mean	30.30394826
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	9.78696295
Sum	89033
Variance	13906.65971
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	848	28.9%
1	342	11.6%
2	203	6.9%
3	175	6.0%
4	96	3.3%
8	57	1.9%
7	53	1.8%
10	48	1.6%
9	48	1.6%
6	46	1.6%
Other values (199)	1022	34.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	848	28.9%
1	342	11.6%
2	203	6.9%
3	175	6.0%
4	96	3.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1800	2	0.1%
1700	2	0.1%
1600	1	< 0.1%
1500	2	0.1%
1400	1	< 0.1%

Alcohol
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	1076
Distinct (%)	39.2%
Missing	194
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4.602860787
Minimum	0.01
Maximum	17.87
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.01
5-th percentile	0.01
Q1	0.8775
median	3.755
Q3	7.7025
95-th percentile	11.96
Maximum	17.87
Range	17.86
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.825

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.052412659
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8804117366
Kurtosis	-0.8029092244
Mean	4.602860787
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.245
Skewness	0.5895625281
Sum	12630.25
Variance	16.42204836
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	288	9.8%
0.03	15	0.5%
0.04	13	0.4%
0.02	12	0.4%
0.09	12	0.4%
1.18	10	0.3%
0.21	10	0.3%
0.06	10	0.3%
0.08	9	0.3%
0.49	9	0.3%
Other values (1066)	2356	80.2%
(Missing)	194	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	288	9.8%
0.02	12	0.4%
0.03	15	0.5%
0.04	13	0.4%
0.05	9	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.87	1	< 0.1%
17.31	1	< 0.1%
16.99	1	< 0.1%
16.58	1	< 0.1%
16.35	1	< 0.1%

percentage_expenditure
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	2328
Distinct (%)	79.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	738.2512955
Minimum	0
Maximum	19479.91161
Zeros	611
Zeros (%)	20.8%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	4.685342585
median	64.91290604
Q3	441.5341444
95-th percentile	4506.638496
Maximum	19479.91161
Range	19479.91161
Interquartile range (IQR)	436.8488018

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1987.914858
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.692734669
Kurtosis	26.57338739
Mean	738.2512955
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	64.91290604
Skewness	4.652051348
Sum	2168982.306
Variance	3951805.483
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	611	20.8%
345.9044258	1	< 0.1%
2698.01817	1	< 0.1%
3.43334364	1	< 0.1%
8.758214538	1	< 0.1%
5.103249438	1	< 0.1%
70.27113179	1	< 0.1%
6164.455402	1	< 0.1%
0.962497052	1	< 0.1%
253.4022338	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2318)	2318	78.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	611	20.8%
0.09987219	1	< 0.1%
0.108055973	1	< 0.1%
0.27564826	1	< 0.1%
0.328418056	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
19479.91161	1	< 0.1%
19099.04506	1	< 0.1%
18961.3486	1	< 0.1%
18822.86732	1	< 0.1%
18379.32974	1	< 0.1%

Hepatitis_B
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	87
Distinct (%)	3.6%
Missing	553
Missing (%)	18.8%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	80.94046122
Minimum	1
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	9
Q1	77
median	92
Q3	97
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	98
Interquartile range (IQR)	20

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	25.07001559
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3097340343
Kurtosis	2.770259399
Mean	80.94046122
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-1.930845104
Sum	193043
Variance	628.5056818
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	240	8.2%
98	210	7.1%
96	167	5.7%
97	155	5.3%
95	149	5.1%
94	127	4.3%
93	101	3.4%
92	92	3.1%
91	75	2.6%
89	71	2.4%
Other values (77)	998	34.0%
(Missing)	553	18.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
2	4	0.1%
4	4	0.1%
5	9	0.3%
6	17	0.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	240	8.2%
98	210	7.1%
97	155	5.3%
96	167	5.7%
95	149	5.1%

Measles
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	958
Distinct (%)	32.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2419.59224
Minimum	0
Maximum	212183
Zeros	983
Zeros (%)	33.5%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	17
Q3	360.25
95-th percentile	9985.55
Maximum	212183
Range	212183
Interquartile range (IQR)	360.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11467.27249
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.739340911
Kurtosis	114.8599032
Mean	2419.59224
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	17
Skewness	9.441331947
Sum	7108762
Variance	131498338.3
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	983	33.5%
1	104	3.5%
2	68	2.3%
3	44	1.5%
4	33	1.1%
6	29	1.0%
7	28	1.0%
5	25	0.9%
8	24	0.8%
9	22	0.7%
Other values (948)	1578	53.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	983	33.5%
1	104	3.5%
2	68	2.3%
3	44	1.5%
4	33	1.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
212183	1	< 0.1%
182485	1	< 0.1%
168107	1	< 0.1%
141258	1	< 0.1%
133802	1	< 0.1%

BMI
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	608
Distinct (%)	20.9%
Missing	34
Missing (%)	1.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	38.32124656
Minimum	1
Maximum	87.3
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	5.2
Q1	19.3
median	43.5
Q3	56.2
95-th percentile	64.785
Maximum	87.3
Range	86.3
Interquartile range (IQR)	36.9

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	20.0440335
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5230527528
Kurtosis	-1.291095468
Mean	38.32124656
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	16.3
Skewness	-0.2193116034
Sum	111284.9
Variance	401.7632791
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
58.5	18	0.6%
57	16	0.5%
55.8	16	0.5%
54.2	15	0.5%
59.9	15	0.5%
59.3	14	0.5%
55	13	0.4%
56.5	13	0.4%
59.4	13	0.4%
52.8	13	0.4%
Other values (598)	2758	93.9%
(Missing)	34	1.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
1.4	2	0.1%
1.8	1	< 0.1%
1.9	1	< 0.1%
2	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
87.3	1	< 0.1%
83.3	1	< 0.1%
82.8	1	< 0.1%
81.6	1	< 0.1%
79.3	1	< 0.1%

under-five_deaths
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	252
Distinct (%)	8.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	42.0357386
Minimum	0
Maximum	2500
Zeros	785
Zeros (%)	26.7%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	4
Q3	28
95-th percentile	138
Maximum	2500
Range	2500
Interquartile range (IQR)	28

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	160.4455484
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.816884246
Kurtosis	109.7527951
Mean	42.0357386
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	9.495064657
Sum	123501
Variance	25742.774
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	785	26.7%
1	361	12.3%
2	163	5.5%
4	161	5.5%
3	129	4.4%
12	53	1.8%
8	49	1.7%
6	48	1.6%
10	47	1.6%
5	44	1.5%
Other values (242)	1098	37.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	785	26.7%
1	361	12.3%
2	163	5.5%
3	129	4.4%
4	161	5.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2500	1	< 0.1%
2400	1	< 0.1%
2300	1	< 0.1%
2200	1	< 0.1%
2100	1	< 0.1%

Polio
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	73
Distinct (%)	2.5%
Missing	19
Missing (%)	0.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	82.55018842
Minimum	3
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	9
Q1	78
median	93
Q3	97
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	96
Interquartile range (IQR)	19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	23.42804595
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2838036641
Kurtosis	3.776509819
Mean	82.55018842
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-2.098053249
Sum	240964
Variance	548.873337
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	376	12.8%
98	255	8.7%
96	207	7.0%
97	205	7.0%
95	180	6.1%
94	159	5.4%
93	120	4.1%
92	96	3.3%
91	88	3.0%
9	71	2.4%
Other values (63)	1162	39.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	7	0.2%
4	11	0.4%
5	8	0.3%
6	11	0.4%
7	24	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	376	12.8%
98	255	8.7%
97	205	7.0%
96	207	7.0%
95	180	6.1%

Total_expenditure
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	818
Distinct (%)	30.2%
Missing	226
Missing (%)	7.7%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	5.938189528
Minimum	0.37
Maximum	17.6
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.37
5-th percentile	1.93
Q1	4.26
median	5.755
Q3	7.4925
95-th percentile	9.76
Maximum	17.6
Range	17.23
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.2325

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.498319672
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4207207703
Kurtosis	1.156270469
Mean	5.938189528
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.59
Skewness	0.6186855521
Sum	16104.37
Variance	6.241601184
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.6	15	0.5%
6.7	12	0.4%
5.6	11	0.4%
5.64	10	0.3%
3.4	10	0.3%
9.1	10	0.3%
5.3	10	0.3%
5.25	10	0.3%
5.9	10	0.3%
5.29	9	0.3%
Other values (808)	2605	88.7%
(Missing)	226	7.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.37	1	< 0.1%
0.65	1	< 0.1%
0.74	1	< 0.1%
0.76	1	< 0.1%
0.92	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.6	1	< 0.1%
17.24	1	< 0.1%
17.2	2	0.1%
17.14	1	< 0.1%
17	1	< 0.1%

Diphtheria
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	81
Distinct (%)	2.8%
Missing	19
Missing (%)	0.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	82.32408359
Minimum	2
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	9
Q1	78
median	93
Q3	97
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	97
Interquartile range (IQR)	19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	23.71691207
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2880920265
Kurtosis	3.558143
Mean	82.32408359
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-2.072752929
Sum	240304
Variance	562.4919181
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	350	11.9%
98	254	8.6%
97	205	7.0%
96	201	6.8%
95	200	6.8%
94	149	5.1%
93	120	4.1%
92	100	3.4%
91	91	3.1%
89	76	2.6%
Other values (71)	1173	39.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	< 0.1%
3	4	0.1%
4	12	0.4%
5	10	0.3%
6	16	0.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	350	11.9%
98	254	8.6%
97	205	7.0%
96	201	6.8%
95	200	6.8%

HIV/AIDS
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	200
Distinct (%)	6.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1.742103472
Minimum	0.1
Maximum	50.6
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.1
Q1	0.1
median	0.1
Q3	0.8
95-th percentile	8.515
Maximum	50.6
Range	50.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5.077784531
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.914743363
Kurtosis	34.89200787
Mean	1.742103472
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	5.396112042
Sum	5118.3
Variance	25.78389574
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	1781	60.6%
0.2	124	4.2%
0.3	115	3.9%
0.4	69	2.3%
0.5	42	1.4%
0.6	35	1.2%
0.8	32	1.1%
0.9	32	1.1%
0.7	29	1.0%
1.5	21	0.7%
Other values (190)	658	22.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	1781	60.6%
0.2	124	4.2%
0.3	115	3.9%
0.4	69	2.3%
0.5	42	1.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
50.6	1	< 0.1%
50.3	1	< 0.1%
49.9	1	< 0.1%
49.1	1	< 0.1%
48.8	1	< 0.1%

GDP
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	2490
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	448
Missing (%)	15.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	7483.158469
Minimum	1.68135
Maximum	119172.7418
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.68135
5-th percentile	68.05001537
Q1	463.935626
median	1766.947595
Q3	5910.806335
95-th percentile	41606.84833
Maximum	119172.7418
Range	119171.0605
Interquartile range (IQR)	5446.870709

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	14270.16934
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.906971421
Kurtosis	12.33307364
Mean	7483.158469
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1592.456071
Skewness	3.20665487
Sum	18633064.59
Variance	203637733
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1276.265	1	< 0.1%
3638.95946	1	< 0.1%
2158.299	1	< 0.1%
1768.92132	1	< 0.1%
261.456882	1	< 0.1%
558.221144	1	< 0.1%
38532.488	1	< 0.1%
5.6687264	1	< 0.1%
2519.737387	1	< 0.1%
1922.41388	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2480)	2480	84.4%
(Missing)	448	15.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.68135	1	< 0.1%
3.685949	1	< 0.1%
4.6135745	1	< 0.1%
5.6687264	1	< 0.1%
8.376432	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
119172.7418	1	< 0.1%
115761.577	1	< 0.1%
114293.8433	1	< 0.1%
113751.85	1	< 0.1%
89739.7117	1	< 0.1%

Population
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	2278
Distinct (%)	99.7%
Missing	652
Missing (%)	22.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	12753375.12
Minimum	34
Maximum	1293859294
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	34
5-th percentile	9617.5
Q1	195793.25
median	1386542
Q3	7420359
95-th percentile	47554415.75
Maximum	1293859294
Range	1293859260
Interquartile range (IQR)	7224565.75

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	61012096.51
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.783996074
Kurtosis	298.0102666
Mean	12753375.12
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1357309.5
Skewness	15.9162356
Sum	2.915421552e+10
Variance	3.72247592e+15
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
444	4	0.1%
1141	2	0.1%
718239	2	0.1%
26868	2	0.1%
127445	2	0.1%
292	2	0.1%
939848	1	< 0.1%
39145488	1	< 0.1%
127658	1	< 0.1%
13281	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2268)	2268	77.2%
(Missing)	652	22.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
34	1	< 0.1%
36	1	< 0.1%
41	1	< 0.1%
43	1	< 0.1%
123	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1293859294	1	< 0.1%
1179681239	1	< 0.1%
1161977719	1	< 0.1%
1144118674	1	< 0.1%
1126135777	1	< 0.1%

thinness_1-19_years
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	200
Distinct (%)	6.9%
Missing	34
Missing (%)	1.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4.839703857
Minimum	0.1
Maximum	27.7
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.6
Q1	1.6
median	3.3
Q3	7.2
95-th percentile	13.8
Maximum	27.7
Range	27.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.420194947
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.9133193018
Kurtosis	3.97043867
Mean	4.839703857
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.3
Skewness	1.711471088
Sum	14054.5
Variance	19.53812337
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	74	2.5%
1.9	65	2.2%
0.8	64	2.2%
0.7	63	2.1%
1.2	62	2.1%
2.1	61	2.1%
1.5	60	2.0%
2.2	58	2.0%
2	57	1.9%
0.9	57	1.9%
Other values (190)	2283	77.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	28	1.0%
0.2	40	1.4%
0.3	32	1.1%
0.4	5	0.2%
0.5	35	1.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
27.7	1	< 0.1%
27.5	1	< 0.1%
27.4	1	< 0.1%
27.3	1	< 0.1%
27.2	2	0.1%

thinness_5-9_years
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	207
Distinct (%)	7.1%
Missing	34
Missing (%)	1.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4.870316804
Minimum	0.1
Maximum	28.6
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.5
Q1	1.5
median	3.3
Q3	7.2
95-th percentile	13.8
Maximum	28.6
Range	28.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.508882087
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.9257882532
Kurtosis	4.358730342
Mean	4.870316804
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.3
Skewness	1.777423977
Sum	14143.4
Variance	20.33001767
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9	69	2.3%
1.1	67	2.3%
0.5	63	2.1%
1.9	63	2.1%
1	62	2.1%
2.1	61	2.1%
1.3	59	2.0%
1.5	57	1.9%
1.7	55	1.9%
0.6	54	1.8%
Other values (197)	2294	78.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	37	1.3%
0.2	45	1.5%
0.3	25	0.9%
0.4	17	0.6%
0.5	63	2.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
28.6	1	< 0.1%
28.5	1	< 0.1%
28.4	1	< 0.1%
28.3	1	< 0.1%
28.2	1	< 0.1%

Income_composition_of_resources
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING
ZEROS

Distinct	625
Distinct (%)	22.6%
Missing	167
Missing (%)	5.7%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.6275510646
Minimum	0
Maximum	0.948
Zeros	130
Zeros (%)	4.4%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.277
Q1	0.493
median	0.677
Q3	0.779
95-th percentile	0.892
Maximum	0.948
Range	0.948
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.286

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2109035552
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3360739341
Kurtosis	1.392814239
Mean	0.6275510646
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.127
Skewness	-1.14376272
Sum	1738.944
Variance	0.04448030958
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	130	4.4%
0.7	17	0.6%
0.739	13	0.4%
0.636	12	0.4%
0.714	12	0.4%
0.86	11	0.4%
0.703	11	0.4%
0.723	11	0.4%
0.734	11	0.4%
0.877	11	0.4%
Other values (615)	2532	86.2%
(Missing)	167	5.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	130	4.4%
0.253	1	< 0.1%
0.255	1	< 0.1%
0.261	1	< 0.1%
0.266	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.948	1	< 0.1%
0.945	1	< 0.1%
0.942	1	< 0.1%
0.941	1	< 0.1%
0.939	1	< 0.1%

Schooling
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	173
Distinct (%)	6.2%
Missing	163
Missing (%)	5.5%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	11.99279279
Minimum	0
Maximum	20.7
Zeros	28
Zeros (%)	1.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	5.8
Q1	10.1
median	12.3
Q3	14.3
95-th percentile	16.8
Maximum	20.7
Range	20.7
Interquartile range (IQR)	4.2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.358919721
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2800781919
Kurtosis	0.8861512689
Mean	11.99279279
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.1
Skewness	-0.6024365419
Sum	33280
Variance	11.28234169
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12.9	58	2.0%
13.3	52	1.8%
12.5	49	1.7%
12.8	46	1.6%
12.3	44	1.5%
12.6	43	1.5%
12.4	42	1.4%
10.7	41	1.4%
11.9	41	1.4%
12.7	40	1.4%
Other values (163)	2319	78.9%
(Missing)	163	5.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	28	1.0%
2.8	1	< 0.1%
2.9	4	0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
3.1	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20.7	1	< 0.1%
20.6	1	< 0.1%
20.5	1	< 0.1%
20.4	3	0.1%
20.3	4	0.1%

Continent
Categorical

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	23.0 KiB

Africa	864
Asia	752
Europe	626
Americas	530
Oceania	166

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Africa	864	29.4%
Asia	752	25.6%
Europe	626	21.3%
Americas	530	18.0%
Oceania	166	5.7%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	8
Median length	6
Mean length	5.905377808
Min length	4

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

First rows

	Country	Year	Status	Life_expectancy	Adult_Mortality	infant_deaths	Alcohol	percentage_expenditure	Hepatitis_B	Measles	BMI	under-five_deaths	Polio	Total_expenditure	Diphtheria	HIV/AIDS	GDP	Population	thinness_1-19_years	thinness_5-9_years	Income_composition_of_resources	Schooling	Continent
0	Afghanistan	2015	Developing	65.0	263.0	62	0.01	71.279624	65.0	1154	19.1	83	6.0	8.16	65.0	0.1	584.259210	33736494.0	17.2	17.3	0.479	10.1	Asia
1	Afghanistan	2014	Developing	59.9	271.0	64	0.01	73.523582	62.0	492	18.6	86	58.0	8.18	62.0	0.1	612.696514	327582.0	17.5	17.5	0.476	10.0	Asia
2	Afghanistan	2013	Developing	59.9	268.0	66	0.01	73.219243	64.0	430	18.1	89	62.0	8.13	64.0	0.1	631.744976	31731688.0	17.7	17.7	0.470	9.9	Asia
3	Afghanistan	2012	Developing	59.5	272.0	69	0.01	78.184215	67.0	2787	17.6	93	67.0	8.52	67.0	0.1	669.959000	3696958.0	17.9	18.0	0.463	9.8	Asia
4	Afghanistan	2011	Developing	59.2	275.0	71	0.01	7.097109	68.0	3013	17.2	97	68.0	7.87	68.0	0.1	63.537231	2978599.0	18.2	18.2	0.454	9.5	Asia
5	Afghanistan	2010	Developing	58.8	279.0	74	0.01	79.679367	66.0	1989	16.7	102	66.0	9.20	66.0	0.1	553.328940	2883167.0	18.4	18.4	0.448	9.2	Asia
6	Afghanistan	2009	Developing	58.6	281.0	77	0.01	56.762217	63.0	2861	16.2	106	63.0	9.42	63.0	0.1	445.893298	284331.0	18.6	18.7	0.434	8.9	Asia
7	Afghanistan	2008	Developing	58.1	287.0	80	0.03	25.873925	64.0	1599	15.7	110	64.0	8.33	64.0	0.1	373.361116	2729431.0	18.8	18.9	0.433	8.7	Asia
8	Afghanistan	2007	Developing	57.5	295.0	82	0.02	10.910156	63.0	1141	15.2	113	63.0	6.73	63.0	0.1	369.835796	26616792.0	19.0	19.1	0.415	8.4	Asia
9	Afghanistan	2006	Developing	57.3	295.0	84	0.03	17.171518	64.0	1990	14.7	116	58.0	7.43	58.0	0.1	272.563770	2589345.0	19.2	19.3	0.405	8.1	Asia

Last rows

	Country	Year	Status	Life_expectancy	Adult_Mortality	infant_deaths	Alcohol	percentage_expenditure	Hepatitis_B	Measles	BMI	under-five_deaths	Polio	Total_expenditure	Diphtheria	HIV/AIDS	GDP	Population	thinness_1-19_years	thinness_5-9_years	Income_composition_of_resources	Schooling	Continent
2928	Zimbabwe	2009	Developing	50.0	587.0	30	4.64	1.040021	73.0	853	29.0	45	69.0	6.26	73.0	18.1	65.824121	1381599.0	7.5	7.4	0.419	9.9	Africa
2929	Zimbabwe	2008	Developing	48.2	632.0	30	3.56	20.843429	75.0	0	28.6	46	75.0	4.96	75.0	20.5	325.678573	13558469.0	7.8	7.8	0.421	9.7	Africa
2930	Zimbabwe	2007	Developing	46.6	67.0	29	3.88	29.814566	72.0	242	28.2	46	73.0	4.47	73.0	23.7	396.998217	1332999.0	8.2	8.2	0.414	9.6	Africa
2931	Zimbabwe	2006	Developing	45.4	7.0	28	4.57	34.262169	68.0	212	27.9	45	71.0	5.12	7.0	26.8	414.796232	13124267.0	8.6	8.6	0.408	9.5	Africa
2932	Zimbabwe	2005	Developing	44.6	717.0	28	4.14	8.717409	65.0	420	27.5	43	69.0	6.44	68.0	30.3	444.765750	129432.0	9.0	9.0	0.406	9.3	Africa
2933	Zimbabwe	2004	Developing	44.3	723.0	27	4.36	0.000000	68.0	31	27.1	42	67.0	7.13	65.0	33.6	454.366654	12777511.0	9.4	9.4	0.407	9.2	Africa
2934	Zimbabwe	2003	Developing	44.5	715.0	26	4.06	0.000000	7.0	998	26.7	41	7.0	6.52	68.0	36.7	453.351155	12633897.0	9.8	9.9	0.418	9.5	Africa
2935	Zimbabwe	2002	Developing	44.8	73.0	25	4.43	0.000000	73.0	304	26.3	40	73.0	6.53	71.0	39.8	57.348340	125525.0	1.2	1.3	0.427	10.0	Africa
2936	Zimbabwe	2001	Developing	45.3	686.0	25	1.72	0.000000	76.0	529	25.9	39	76.0	6.16	75.0	42.1	548.587312	12366165.0	1.6	1.7	0.427	9.8	Africa
2937	Zimbabwe	2000	Developing	46.0	665.0	24	1.68	0.000000	79.0	1483	25.5	39	78.0	7.10	78.0	43.5	547.358879	12222251.0	11.0	11.2	0.434	9.8	Africa

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows